State wolf rules go to public. By CHRIS MERRILL. Casper Star-Tribune environment reporter.
Of course Wyoming’s wolf plan is terrible and will result in the elimination of most packs except those inside Yellowstone Park. This would only happen under the Bush Administration.
They will be shooting wolves because the wolves will come to their disease-spreading elk feedgrounds and chase the elk. The result will be packs that spend most of their time inside Grand Teton and maybe even Yellowstone being wiped out so that Wyoming can keep pitching hay to their semi-domesticated elk.
Irony is the wolves are probably the only thing in Wyoming actively severing to deter the spread of chronic wasting disease between ungulates.
The plan also has an incredibly high subsidy to livestock producers who lose livestock to wolves — payment of many times the value of the dead calf, lamb, foal, etc. This creates an incentive for the livestock producer to turn in falsified reports. This has already happened with their extra generous grizzly bear livestock compensation subsidy. This is a twist that even Idaho’s bad plan does not take.
Comments
Aa day for Wyoming! A sad day for wolves. Just so typical of the rednmeck, knee jerk reaction in this sate. Bubba rules here – make no mistake about it! Dick Cheney is a “moderate” here….
I suggest – a general travel boycott of all travel to Wyomimg and Yellowstone. The only way to get to these fools is through their pocket books. Only by making them see tourist dollars mear more than a few skinny cows is to stick it to ’em. With hold tourist $!
Where do we start?
Sorry, tiping was never one of my strong points! Obviously!
Bob
“The plan also has an incredibly high subsidy to livestock producers who lose livestock to wolves — payment of many times the value of the dead calf, lamb, foal, etc.”
A few years ago at the North American Wolf Conference, a woman from France reported on a similar subsidy provided to sheep growers there. At the time, France had an estimated 5-7 wolves but, as Ralph suggested, the subsidy provided the livestock growers an incentive to report dead sheep as wolf-killed. The result: every dead sheep was a wolf-killed sheep.
You don’t have to be a rocket scientis…er…an economist to figure out the same thing is going to happen in Wyoming. Seriously, I really can’t believe they’re going to provide an incentive for the livestock industry to cheat?! This is ridiculous!
JB.
A high payback like this creates a “moral hazard.” This is a term I missed during my academic career, but Brian Ertz pointed out to me. It seems this kind of bad incentive is pretty common, at least from my study of policies.
Let’s not forget that these rules have a political goal: the goal of the livestock industry to extend its control over the Wyoming Game & Fish Department, wildlife management policy, and land use policy. As it is now, the Department’s only client is the livestock industry. It doesn’t even reflect the interests of hunters; it certainly doesn’t reflect the public interest.
The same is true of Idaho Fish and Game. It is told what to do by the Cattle Association, Woolgrowers, SFW-Idaho, and elk farmers.
The “Battle over the Bighorn Sheep” is an even better example than their planned wolf “management.”
I have to agree with the other posts. It seems to me if you’re going to pay the ranchers more than the fair market value for any lost cattle, sheep, etc then you are going to have fraudulent claims turned in. Heck, what’s to stop the ranchers from killing the livestock themselves and saying a wolf did it just to get some easy money? It would sure beat all the hard days of work taking care of and feeding your livestock. Can anyone tell me if this new program have something in place where the dead animal has to be inspected to verify it was a wolf kill? If not then it seems to me the wolves are going to get blamed for everything and anything that happens to the livestock.
“Can anyone tell me if this new program have something in place where the dead animal has to be inspected to verify it was a wolf kill? If not then it seems to me the wolves are going to get blamed for everything and anything that happens to the livestock.”
Even if it does, it will require hiring extra people to go around and perform on the spot necropsies. Of course, groups that oppose wolves will hold these costs up as examples of how expensive it is to “manage” wolves when, in reality, the cost is due to the presence of livestock, not wolves.
Aside from a general objection to paying compensation to livestock producers at all for property losses to wildlife, subsidies which mostly reward ranchers for poor management practices (e.g., turning private property–livestock–loose on public lands without supervision), the proposed Wyoming wolf regulations would authorize a compensation formula that allows ranchers to claim from the Game & Fish Fund more than the value of actual verified losses.
Under the proposed rules, for each verified loss of a calf or a domestic sheep to wolves, to be paid at market value, the rancher can multiple the compensation due by 7. The assumption is that for every verified wolf kill, there are 6 unverifiable wolf kills, so the rancher should be compensated for those kills as well.
The regulations already allow a 3.5X compensation for grizzly kills, and a 3X compensation for black bear and cougar kills.
These compensation payments–which come from hunting and fishing license fees–to ranchers come in addition to the costs of wolf/predator control, which are mostly borne by the taxpayer. Ranchers pay very little for predator control, generally a head tax on livestock sold that is transferred to county predator control boards. Also, two years ago, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $6 million to the state Animal Damage Management Board for predator control. I understand there is going to be another request for predator control funds to the upcoming Budget Session.
What a deal.
And there are people out there who still think the livestock industry is worth preserving?
Your’re right Robert, but I read that at the public meeting in Lander, “Lander crowd wonders how Game and Fish will pay for delisting wolf,” hunters blamed the wolves for high costs of the “management plan” rather than the ranchers sitting there stealing money out of their wallets.
That’s because Wyoming’s hunters are generally ignorant about the issue, thanks largely to SFW-Wyoming for beating the anti-predator drum, and thanks also to the failure of the Wyoming Wildlife Federation to inform hunters just how extensive the subsidies out of the G&F Fund are to ranchers.
In the interests of further discussion, I’d like to post the following document regarding damage compensation payments written by Wyoming G&F Personnel. While the legal discussion is accurate, the apologia is not, in my opinion.
Note the website that is the source of this document:
http://www.sheepusa.org/index.phtml?page=site/news_details&nav_id=563e8ae13b66a81112f7521fe86918e9
Compensation Programs in Wyoming for Livestock Depredation by Large Carnivores
Author: M.T. Bruscino and T.L. Cleveland
M. T. Bruscino, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Bear Management Office, Cody, WY 82414, Email: Mark.Bruscino@wgf.state.wy.us
and T. L. Cleveland, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Office of the Director, Cheyenne, WY 82001, Email: Terry.Cleveland@wgf.state.wy.us
Introduction
Common law in America, which has been continually reinforced in the courts of the United States, holds that the people of the state own the wildlife within its boundaries. No person or entity holds absolute property rights to wildlife regardless of the ownership of the land on which the animal is found. The courts have construed that since wildlife belongs to everyone, everyone must share in its keep. As a result of this interpretation, courts have ruled the government, both state and federal, is immune from liability for damage caused by wild animals, unless the government waives its sovereign immunity and voluntarily assumes liability.
The federal government has long invoked its sovereign immunity from liability for damage caused by species managed under federal law, such as migratory waterfowl, passerine birds, and those species listed as threatened or endangered, such as grizzly bears and gray wolves. In addition, many states have traditionally invoked their sovereign immunity from liability for damage caused by wild animals. As an example, the state of South Dakota does not accept monetary liability for damage done by wildlife. Conversely, some states, such as Wyoming, Utah, Washington and Idaho, have waived their sovereign immunity to a limited degree and assumed liability for some types of damage caused by some types of wild animals.
After a century of persecution that resulted in large scale population reductions, large predator numbers have increased over much of their former ranges in North America. Predators such as wolves, cougars and grizzly bears are making a comeback in parts of the West. The comeback is largely due to a variety of changing societal values about predators that have resulted in reduced control campaigns. Along with the increase in predators, predator compensation programs have evolved in some jurisdictions. Currently, fourteen states and four Canadian provinces have government administered programs to reimburse livestock owners for losses caused by some predators. In addition, Defenders of Wildlife, a private conservation group, reimburses livestock producers for losses caused by grizzly bears in two western states and wolves in three western states. Most programs pay for losses caused by only the large predators (black bears, grizzly bears, cougars, and wolves) even though in most states smaller predators, such as coyotes or golden eagles, cause a far more significant monetary loss to the livestock industry. This industry is important, and in some instances critical, to the rural infrastructure and local economies of Wyoming.
Discussion
The question begs to be asked, “Why would government waive sovereign immunity and assume liability for damage to livestock that is the result of depredation by animals, such as black bears, grizzly bears, and cougars?”
Let’s look at the Wyoming example. In Wyoming, Title 23, the Game and Fish Act states, “all wildlife in Wyoming is property of the state. It is the purpose of the act and the policy of the state to provide for an adequate and flexible system for control, propagation, management, protection, and regulation of all Wyoming wildlife.” The livestock producers, and the majority of residents in Wyoming, agree livestock owners should not have to carry the entire financial burden associated with having wildlife in the state and of damage done by wildlife, in this case large predators. For this reason, long ago the Wyoming Legislature enacted laws that waive the State’s sovereign immunity to a limited degree and accept responsibility for damage done to livestock by bears and cougars (and will do so to a limited degree for wolves in geographic locations where they are classified as trophy game animals when wolves are removed from Endangered Species Act protection). In addition, Wyoming statutes allow any black bear or cougar doing damage to private property may be immediately taken and killed by the owner of the property, employee of the owner or lessee of the property. The statutes also provide for reimbursement to producers for the value of the livestock killed or damaged, which includes bees, honey and hives. How reimbursement is to be administered was left vague by the legislature, so interpreting how compensation programs should be structured is left to the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission.
Revenues collected from application fees for limited draw big game and wild bison hunting licenses fund the current damage-claim program in Wyoming. While the entire public enjoys the benefits of healthy wildlife populations, in the case of carnivores, the management costs, including damage payments, are largely borne by sportsmen and the livestock industry. A recent study conducted by Jessica Mon-tag et al at the University of Montana entitled, “Political and Social Viability of Predator Compensation Programs in the West,” concluded that a large percentage of the public and livestock producers endorsed a compensation program that was funded by sources derived from not only hunters and fishermen, but also from a more representative section of the public. How this can be accomplished is a matter of debate. There is currently no system in place to equitably distribute the costs of depredations between all wildlife consumptive and non-consumptive user groups.
Compensation for dead livestock is only one facet of managing predator-livestock conflicts. Most chronic livestock damage problems result in management challenges that cannot be solely mitigated by monetary compensation. Livestock that are routinely preyed upon by large carnivores are often difficult to distribute for ideal range utilization, may tear down fences while escaping predators, and generally are more problematic to manage. Costs associated with finding dead livestock, managing livestock distribution, and those costs associated with filing and defending damage claims all add to the costs of predator damage. Most damage reimbursement programs pay for the value of the livestock at the time of death and not for indirect costs associated with depredations, so managing the conflicts in addition to compensating for losses is often the desired action for both the agencies and the producer. Management of the conflict may come in several forms: 1) the producer may be asked to relocate or remove the livestock from the grazing lands; 2) the producer may be allowed to control the offending predators; 3) the wildlife agency or the producer may initiate a livestock protection action; 4) steps may be taken to deter the predator; or, 5) the agency may implement control actions.
The Wyoming Game and Fish Commission has long recognized that neither the producer nor Department personnel detect every sheep or calf killed by large carnivores. It is recognized that when a bear or cougar kills a sheep, the entire sheep carcass is routinely moved and may be hidden, making it difficult to locate or decomposition may make it impossible to determine the cause of death. Since 1985, in a portion of the state where cougar numbers are high, the Commission has reimbursed owners of livestock for up to the value of three missing sheep believed to have been killed by a cougar for every one sheep confirmed by the Department as having been killed by a cougar. Until recently black bear-caused losses had no multiplier. Due to the difficulty in finding losses in mountainous terrain where calves have been killed by grizzly bears, the Commission has for several years utilized a formula based on the value of a confirmed loss to pay for missing calves, never detected, but believed to have been killed by bears. In order for these formulas to be applied for missing sheep or calves, Department or USDA/APHIS-Wildlife Services personnel are required to confirm at least one calf or one sheep as having been killed by a bear or lion. Total reimbursement for missing livestock never exceeds the total number of sheep or calves placed on the grazing allotment minus livestock lost to non-predator reasons. Formulas do not apply to yearling or adult cattle since experience indicates that losses occur at a much lower rate and when such animals are killed, often times sufficient evidence exists to find a portion of the dead animal for evaluation purposes.
From the broad perspective of the entire livestock industry, livestock lost to depredation by large carnivores, such as black bears, grizzly bears, cougars, and gray wolves may be argued as insignificant, yet these large predators can cause significant livestock losses and resulting financial hardship to individual livestock operators in the West. In fiscal year 2003 (July 1, 2002 through June 30, 2003), Wyoming Game and Fish Department or Wildlife Services personnel confirmed livestock lost to black bear, grizzly bear or cougar predation as 83 lambs, 78 ewes, 35 calves, 11 adult cows, and 1 bull. In addition, during 2002 Wildlife Services or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel confirmed 23 cattle killed by wolves. The depredations resulted in the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission reimbursing livestock operators $16,417.91 for sheep losses and $48,770.52 for cattle. In addition, the Department expended $28,221.99 to compensate beekeepers for damage inflicted on bees, honey, and hives by black bears and grizzly bears. Defenders of Wildlife paid producers in Wyoming $13,751.21 for wolf-caused losses in 2002. The addition of gray wolves to the list of predator losses for which the State of Wyoming pays compensation may result in a substantial increase in damage payments and associated management costs for both the wildlife agency and the producer. Under the current system, compensation for wolf-caused losses will be paid from hunters’ license dollars.
Implications
As a result of increasing concern by livestock producers to be paid for losses that remained undiscovered, the 2003 Wyoming Legislature enacted legislation enabling the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission to, “establish through rule making methods, factors and formulas to be used for determining the amount to compensate any landowner, lessee or agent for livestock damaged as a result of, missing as a result of, or killed by trophy game animals”. In July 2003, the Commission adopted formulas in rule and regulation to guide the Wyoming Game and Fish Department in offering reimbursement for missing sheep or calves killed by trophy game animals.
“Any claimant whose verified claim is for missing sheep or calves believed to have been damaged as a result of a trophy game animal, shall include on his verified claim the total known death loss, including missing animals, for the sheep or calves for the grazing season together with the number of such losses known to be due to causes other than damage by a trophy game animal.
Not withstanding the use of the formulas, the Department shall not offer compensation for more than the total known death loss less the number of such losses known to be due to causes other than damage by a black bear, grizzly bear or cougar. In order to utilize any formula, the Department or its representative must have confirmed the claimant had at least one (1) calf or one (1) sheep injured or killed by a trophy game animal.
Veterinary costs for the treatment of individual livestock that have been injured by a trophy game animal shall be considered up to a maximum amount that is not to exceed the value of the livestock injured, only in cases where a licensed veterinarian believes the individual livestock in question had a reasonable chance to survive and return to a productive state. If the individual livestock died as a result of an injury inflicted by a trophy game animal, even though the livestock received veterinary care, payment shall only be made up to a maximum of the value of the livestock.”
The factors and formulas contained in the Department’s rule and regulation are based upon a combination of analysis of data collected by the Department; historic use of similar formulas to pay producers for sheep missing as a result of cougar depredation in the Big Horn Mountains; and cattle and sheep death loss data compiled by a livestock producers association in the Upper Green River area near Pinedale, Wyoming that has frequently experienced missing livestock that are believed to be the result of grizzly and black bear depredation.
In Wyoming, a second solution has been for the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to develop a program to deal with conflicts that occur between large carnivores and livestock. The program consists of depredation evaluation training for all district game wardens, so that losses can be investigated and documented quickly. In addition, a specialized staff has been formed in the northwest portion of the state to prevent, investigate, and manage damage caused by black and grizzly bears in chronic damage areas. Also, a statewide agreement with specialists at the Wildlife Services to control offending animals at the Department’s direction has been adopted. This multifaceted approach seeks to conserve large carnivore populations while managing the impacts to local livestock producers.
Literature Cited
Montag, J., 2003. Political & Social Viability of Predator Compensation Programs in the West. University of Montana, Missoula, Montana. pp 36-37.
Interesting read. 11 cows and 1 bull. I am sitting here trying to imagine a predator kill of a bull. . . humm. I bet that is an intersting story.
a system rife with compounded subsidy rendering any prospect of proper management paralyzed by moral hazard, which is to say nothing of the pathology of entitlement strewn throughout.
they’re farming subsidy – welfare – “compensation” – all while maintaining the persona of victimization.
there’s just no reason to prevent conflict anymore – compensation programs assure better dollar and more political capital when conflict persists. this is the case whether its government compensation – or private.